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Engineering and Philosophy of Engineering

Rui-yu Yin,Bo-cong Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 140-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014021

摘要： Philosophy of engineering lays the philosophical foundation of recognition, understanding and management of engineering. Being the kernel of philosophy of engineering, engineering ontology becomes the master key to understanding of engineering. The paper proposes and interprets the principal theses of engineering ontology, which differs from understanding of engineering in separate elements. Engineering ontology believes that engineering is the direct, realistic productivity that runs dynamically and feasibly and creates values. Engineering involves the relationship between human beings and the nature as well as the relationship between human beings and the society, and it has been a basic motive force and a basic way of promoting the social development, so that engineering gains the ontological status and fundamental value in social existence and social development. From the historical point of view, the engineering appears before the emergence of technology and science. Engineering has its own basis for existence, its own structure and its own laws for movement and evolution. Engineering should not be simply regarded as the ramification and derivative from science or technology. Engineering ontology is the theoretical basis of the triism of “science, technology, and engineering”. To understand and handle the mutual relationship among engineering, technology and science, by the evaluation criteria of engineering as the direct productivity, the process and effect of engineering-centered selection, integration and construction must be emphasized and the characteristic and mechanism of selection, integration and construction must be paid high attention. Under no circumstance may the engineering be deemed as an unchanged matter, which is constantly evolving and developing, so the studies on engineering ontology are closely and internally related with the theory of engineering evolution.

关键词： engineering philosophy of engineering engineering ontology productivity engineering value

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Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 275-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0372-3

摘要：

Knowledge representation is the core of artificial intelligence research. Knowledge representation methods include predicate logic, semantic network, computer programming language, database, mathematical model, graphics language, natural language, etc. To establish the intrinsic link between various knowledge representation methods, a unified knowledge representation model is necessary. According to ontology, system theory, and control theory, a standard model of knowledge representation that reflects the change of the objective world is proposed. The model is composed of input, processing, and output. This knowledge representation method is not a contradiction to the traditional knowledge representation method. It can express knowledge in terms of multivariate and multidimensional. It can also express process knowledge, and at the same time, it has a strong ability to solve problems. In addition, the standard model of knowledge representation provides a way to solve problems of non-precision and inconsistent knowledge.

关键词： knowledge representation standard model ontology system theory control theory multidimensional representation

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基于本体论的工艺信息描述方法研究

李莉,郝永平,舒启林,张建富

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第11期页码 75-78

摘要：

依据本体论的概念论述了零件信息和制造资源信息的描述方法，给出了它们本体的定义方式。描述了零件本体和特征本体的属性，分析了各本体间和本体属性间的关系。以开发的CAPP系统为例，阐述了此描述方法在实际应用中体现出的特点。

关键词： CAPP 本体论零件本体特征本体制造资源本体工艺资源本体

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Ontological reconstruction of the clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 358-361 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0348-9

摘要：

This study proposes the ontological reconstruction of the current clinical terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It also provides an overview of preliminary work related to the said reconstruction, including the ontology-based analysis of TCM clinical terminology. We conclude that the ontological reconstruction of TCM clinical terminology provides a proper translation from the idealized organizational model to real-world implementation and to a formalized, shared, and knowledge-based framework.

关键词： ontology traditional Chinese medicine clinical terminology

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一种新的融合本体和主机信息的改进禁忌搜索算法的主题爬虫方法 Research Article

刘景发1,王震1,2,钟国1,杨志和1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第6期页码 859-875 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200315

摘要：为解决传统主题爬虫方法存在的主题描述不完整和重复爬取已访问链接的问题，本文提出一种新的融合本体和主机信息的改进禁忌搜索算法的主题爬虫方法（FCITS_OH）。该方法基于形式概念分析（FCA）构建领域本体，在语义和知识层面描述主题。为避免重复爬取已访问的链接和扩大搜索范围，提出一种改进的禁忌搜索（ITS）算法和记忆主机信息的策略。此外，为改进未访问链接的主题相关性的评估方法，提出一种基于Web文本和链接结构的综合优先度评估方法。以旅游和暴雨灾害为主题的实验结果表明，对于不同的性能指标，所提出的爬虫方法优于文献中其它主题爬虫策略。

关键词：主题爬虫；禁忌搜索算法；本体；主机信息；优先度评估

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Semantics for linking data from 4D BIM to digital collaborative support

Calin BOJE, Veronika BOLSHAKOVA, Annie GUERRIERO, Sylvain KUBICKI, Gilles HALIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 104-116 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0111-7

摘要： Synchronous collaboration sessions within the context of 4D BIM position construction professionals into a complex socio–technical system. This system includes hardware, software, people, and broader community aspects. This article strictly focuses on the ontology representation of synchronous collaboration sessions with collocated collective decision-making. The model is designed by considering various 4D BIM model uses while a digital multiuser touch table facilitates the collaboration between actors. The outlined ontological model aims to improve interoperability and to move toward a knowledge-driven, smart-built environment paradigm. A knowledge engineering methodology is outlined, by virtue of which the semantics of the presented model are defined and discussed. Concepts from nearby knowledge fields, especially from the Industry Foundation Classes, are reused. Several examples on querying the knowledge base according to the project meeting requirements are outlined to demonstrate the benefits of using the model. Although 4D BIM model data can be imported by using standard formats, capturing data about the social context remains a challenge in the future. This is expected to change the ontology model structure by considering user ergonomics, data modeling requirements, as well as technical implementation constraints.

关键词： 4D BIM ontology IFC decision-making linked data collaboration planning

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人工智能辅助诊疗发展现状与战略研究

孔鸣,何前锋,李兰娟

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第2期页码 86-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.02.013

摘要：

医疗健康数据的融合、开放共享，利用人工智能对碎片化医学信息进行整理分析，对医疗诊断过程提供辅助，可改善医疗健康服务，促进政府决策合理化，缓解医疗卫生资源配置不均衡问题。本文选取健康医疗信息人机交互、数据智能中的语义理解与医学影像分析等方面，简要阐述了人工智能在辅助诊疗问题上的发展方向与现状，讨论了智能诊疗技术发展与应用的问题与挑战：一是医学信息的标准化表征和结构化整合构建术语标准是关键；二是利用海量医学知识，构建多模态数据采集分析与结构化知识推理相结合的智能诊疗模型是重要的影像智能发展点。建议建立国家级的健康医疗开放大数据云平台，开辟新的数据、信息整合、知识发现及服务市场；构建医疗健康信息的一些基础行业标准，加强国产高端医疗器械的研发力度，推动智能化医疗器械和智能可穿戴式设备的研发，引导产业在人工智能与高端医疗器械的结合上开辟新的市场。

关键词：人工智能辅助诊疗知识图谱医学本体医学影像分析

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全国生物制造工程年会（Bio-Manufacturing Engineering Institution Annual Meeting）

会议日期： 2019年12月02日

会议地点：中国/北京/海淀

主办单位：中国机械工程学会生物制造工程分会，中国生物材料学会生物材料先进制造分会，清华大学

聚乙烯生产过程操作优化知识库设计与实现 Article

钟伟民, 李超远, 彭鑫, 万锋, 安许峰, 田洲

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第6期页码 1041-1048 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.004

摘要：

构建聚乙烯生产过程领域知识库，形成可复用的生产知识，有助于提升化工行业的智能制造水平。本文结合聚乙烯生产工艺特点，根据实际生产操作需求，设计了知识库的总体结构。引入本体作为聚乙烯生产过程领域知识表示和共享的载体，使用七步法对聚乙烯生产过程进行本体建模，构建了包含知识本体和推理分析的本体库；建立操作条件和分子量分布（MWD）之间的BP神经网络模型，进行MWD的预测；采用差分进化算法对MWD进行优化，实现对操作参数的优化。以MYSQL数据库作为后台支撑数据库，结合Java语言对知识库系统进行设计和开发，实现了基于Browser/Server框架的聚乙烯生产过程操作优化知识库系统。在实际工业应用中，初步验证了该知识库能够满足聚乙烯生产过程操作优化和管理的功能需求，并具有推广到其他化工生产应用场景的价值。

关键词：本体操作优化知识库聚乙烯

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基于本体和模拟退火算法的暴雨灾害主题爬虫策略 Research Article

刘景发1,2,李帆3,丁若尧1,2,刘子昂4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第8期页码 1189-1204 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100360

摘要：目前，主题爬虫是从海量异构网络中获取有效领域知识的重要方法。目前大多数主题爬虫技术难以获得高质量爬行结果。主要难点包括主题基准模型的建立、超链接主题相关性的评估和爬行策略的设计。本文采用领域本体为特定主题构建主题基准模型，并提出一种新的基于局部本体和全局本体的多重筛选策略（MFSLG）。为提高待访问超链接主题相关性计算精度，提出一种基于网页文本和链接结构的综合优先度评估方法（CPEM），同时，采用模拟退火（SA）算法避免主题爬虫陷入局部最优搜索。本文首次设计融合SA算法、MFSLG策略和CPEM策略实现主题爬虫，提出两种新的基于本体和SA主题爬虫策略（FCOSA），包括基于全局本体的FCOSA策略（FCOSA_G）和基于局部本体和全局本体的FCOSA策略（FCOSA_LG），以从网络中获取与暴雨灾害主题相关的网页。实验结果表明，针对不同性能指标，所提爬虫策略优于其他主题爬虫策略。

关键词：主题爬虫；本体；优先度评估；模拟退火；暴雨灾害

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工程与工程管理的哲学思考

何继善,王孟钧

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 9-12

摘要：

当前，我国正处于经济建设快速发展时期，许多重大工程相继建成并投入使用，凸现工程活动的重要地位和工程管理的巨大作用，标志着我国已经进入工程时代。工程时代呼唤工程哲学，工程建设管理活动离不开哲学思想指导，大力开展工程哲学研究既是哲学发展的必然，又是时代的迫切要求。文章在分析工程哲学的形成、发展及主要研究内容的基础上，提出了工程的哲学内涵与本质：物质性、变化性和时空性，进而对工程管理的理念、价值观、方法论、组织与创新等方面的哲学内涵进行了探讨，以促进我国工程管理理论的发展和管理水平的提高。

关键词：工程哲学工程工程管理哲学思考

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Engineering Informatics: State of the Art and Future Trends

Li-da Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 270-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014038

摘要： Engineering informatics is an emerging engineering discipline integrating information technology or informatics with a variety of engineering disciplines. It is an interdisciplinary scientific subject focusing on applying advanced information and communications technology (ICT) to a variety of engineering disciplines. Rapid advances in industrial information integration methods have spurred the growth of new techniques that can be used for probing industrial information integration including engineering informatics. These techniques include business process management (BPM), enterprise architecture (EA), enterprise application integration (EAI), service-oriented architecture (SOA), and others. Practical applications may require a combination of these techniques that have originated from different disciplines. These techniques have the potential to contribute to engineering informatics. For integrating complex engineering systems, both formal methods and systems methods are crucial. In this paper, we briefl review the state of the art of engineering informatics as it interfacing with industrial information integration.

关键词： engineering informatics industrial integration industrial information integration engineering (IIIE) engineering management

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Synergetic Management Theory for Coal-Based Energy Engineering and the Engineering Practice of Shenhua

Wen Ling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016005

摘要： To deal with problems in synergetic development of coal-based energy engineering, this paper, guided by the philosophy of engineering, proposes the synergetic management philosophy of “factors coordination, systems synergy, dynamic optimization and three-dimension planning.” The paper also establishes the synergetic management system characterized by systems factor synergy, resource-environment synergy and systems boundary extension and supported by the “two-wheel driven” management innovation and technological innovation. In addition, the paper presents a multi-objective dynamic optimization model for energy engineering, designed based on Shenhua’s own engineering practice, to analyze Pareto optimal solution in three scenarios: best resource allocation, minimal environmental impact and maximal value creation. This provides important reference to synergetic development strategies and decision-making in engineering management.

关键词： coal-based energy engineering synergetic management two-wheel driven innovation Shenhua engineering

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Yesterday, Today and Future of the Engineering Management Body of Knowledge

Hiral Shah,Walter Nowocin

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 60-63 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015009

摘要： Young engineers are often promoted to leadership roles such as a team leader or a manager within 3 to 6 years of graduating from an undergraduate degree in a technical area. To be competent and successful in their leadership role engineers need to update their engineering management knowledge and learn new skills. The purpose of engineering management body of knowledge (EMBOK) is to delineate the knowledge, skills, and competency areas that are applicable to the engineering management discipline. It basically answers the question, “What does it take to be an effective engineering manager?” The EMBOK is based on a validated study and can be used for curriculum development, certification exams, and professional development programs. This paper describes the 11 domains that are included in the EMBOK and discuss the future publication of the EMBOK Guide. American Society for Engineering Management (ASEM) offers two certification exams based on the EMBOK, Associate Engineering Manager (AEM) and Professional Engineering Manager (PEM).These certification exams can help an individual in the engineering management profession to show that they have kept up in the field and possess the necessary skills and competency to practice in the discipline. A detailed description of this certification program is included in this paper. The future of EMBOK and the certification program is also discussed.

关键词： body of knowledge engineering management certification exam engineering manager competency areas